Gravity in the Quantum World

 


New research about how gravity affects the quantum world was published in the journal Physical Review Letters. Chris Lammerzahl is a professor of Gravitational Physics at the University of Bremen and Dr. Sebastian Ulbricht is a scientist at the Nature Metrology Institute. 

Metrology is the science of measurement. Back in 2019, metrology had a huge uptick. It was understood that units like the kilo, the meter and the second were being redefined based on quantum physics. In the past, these units were determined by comparing them with natural phenomena or even specific objects. Today, units are understood to be fundamental constants. To construct a unit so that it can be used in every day life, it must be based in these fundamental constants. 

This construction is often done using the kibble scale. The scale connects mass with electrical properties. It measures the mechanical power and weight of an object. It balances this measurement with an electric power. The electrical voltage and current can then be determined using quantum effects. Both the quantum Hall and the Jospehson effect are traced back to the basic electrical properties of quantum physics. 

Lammerzahl reports, "Units such as the kilogram are thus traceable to electric units. But it would also be possible to realize them in terms of gravity. After all, a gravitational field is to masses what an electromagnetic field is to charges."

Gravity and electromagnetism have a few things in common. Both are in fields that regulate interactions in nature. Lammerzahl summarizes, "We were able to transfer the auxiliary effects of metrology which previously only applied to electromagnetic fields, to gravitational fields."

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