#2 Heartsound Audio

  Physicists from around the world have joined together for a specific purpose. They have measured the size of a certain type of neutrino. The team published their work in the journal Nature. The group conducted experiments that involve measuring the radioactive decay of beryllium. Neutrinos are subatomic particles. They have a mass that is very close to zero. They have half integral spin. Neutrinos rarely react with normal matter. Three kinds of nutrinos have been discovered to date. They were noticed in association with a tau particle, muon or electron. Scientists study neutrinos for a greater understanding of why there is more matter than antimatter in the universe.  What size are neutrinos? It’s an important question, because it allows building the appropriate size and shape neutrino detectors. Currently, the detectors are large (several meters). This is because it was believed the size could theoretically be several meters wide. It is currently thought, however,  tha...

  University of Waterloo is researching an environmentally friendly ink for 3-D printing. Their study is called, “additive free Graphene based inks for 3-D printing functional conductive aerogels.” The journal of materials chemistry a Published the groups work.  Graphene is known for its thermal properties, strength, and electrical conductivity. It is a powder form, which is very difficult to work with. It’s form can limit Graphene uses. The group at Waterloo have created the world’s first all Graphene Inc. It was created by developing Graphene nano sheets that can disperse in water. The Graphene still maintains its conductivity. The new ink is very versatile and environmentally friendly. It does not use additives or any chemical solvent for printing. Dr. David Kamkar Is a professor in the Department of chemical engineering at Waterloo. He reports, “shaping graphitic Material in the complex geometry for advanced applications has long been a critical challenge that is limited t...

  Electric sparks are used for igniting fuel in car engines, powering, electronics, and welding. They are entirely useful, but hard to control in an open space. Generally, sparks will break into branches that move towards the closest metal object. An exciting new study was released in science advances. It reveals a way to transport electricity through air by ultrasonic waves. Controlling electric sparks allows guidance of a spark around obstacles, or guiding the spark to hit specific locations. Dr. Asier Marzo is from the public university of Navarre, and is lead researcher of the work. He reports, “we observed this phenomenon for more than one year, then it took us months to control it, and even longer to find an explanation.”  One spark heat up the air, allowing the guidance to occur by the air expanding and lowering its density. The hot air is guided by the ultrasonic waves in the areas where the sound intensity is higher. The next spark allows the regions of higher air bec...